The A to K of fires: A guide on fire classes and the different fire extinguishers.
Embarking on a journey in the realm of fire safety can be a game changer. This blog is your guide to unraveling the complexities surrounding fire classes, providing you with insights based on the type of fire extinguisher that can be used in different scenarios. Let us delve into the ABCs of fires and explore the diverse world of fire extinguishers to empower you with the knowledge that truly matters.
Fires are organized into classes based on the type of material that is burning. Generally, there are five classes of fire, understanding the type of fire can help everyone involved to know how to suppress it or extinguish it.
What are the five classes of fire?
Generally, there are fire classes of fire, they include;
- Class A.
- Class B.
- Class C.
- Class D.
- Class K.
Class A.
Class A fires are the most common type of fire. They are produced from common combustible materials such as wood, plastic, paper and rubber. This type of fire has a relatively low ignition temperature and once the oxygen is depleted, the fire will burn out. Generally, if the fire leaves ash behind it is considered a class a type of fire.
Class B.
Class B fires result from the ignition of flammable liquids or gases like alcohol, kerosene, paint, gasoline, methane, oil-based coolants, or propane. Predominantly found in industrial settings, they can also occur in residential or commercial areas. Class B fires possess a low flashpoint, making them highly combustible at any temperature when exposed to a fire source. These fires propagate swiftly, emitting thick black smoke during combustion.
NB: Water is ineffective for extinguishing Class B fires.
Class C.
Class c fires involve live electrical currents or electrical equipment as a fuel source, found in industrial settings dealing with energy or electrically powered equipment, like wind turbines. This can also occur in commercial or residential settings due to issues like faulty wiring. Water should not be used to fight electrical fires; instead, a non-conducive chemical agent, such as clean agents is recommended for extinguishing the flames.
Class D.
These types of fires involve combustible metals such as aluminum, lithium magnesium, potassium and titanium. These fires are common in laboratories and manufacturing settings. These fires are common in laboratories and manufacturing settings. Using water is unsafe as it may cause certain metals to explode. To combat class D fires, employ dry powder agents to absorb heat and smother flames by cutting off the fire’s oxygen.
Class K.
Finally, class k fires originate from cooking liquids like oil, vegetable fat or animal fat, prevalent in the food service and restaurant industry. Distinct from other liquid fires, class k is designated due to its unique kitchen setting. To combat these fires, avoid using water and opt for wet chemical agents, which are the most effective in extinguishing class k fires.
Each category of fire poses a significant danger. Typically, fires with a high potential for explosion or rapid spread are deemed the most hazardous, posing risks of severe injuries and extensive property damage. Hence, it is crucial to comprehend the various fire types and adopt effective methods for extinguishing or suppressing them.
Fire extinguishers are designed to tackle specific types of fire. There are different types of fire extinguishers they include.
Water extinguishers offer a budget-friendly solution for combating class A fires, which involves solid materials like paper, wood and textiles.
Foam extinguishers provide dual effectiveness against class A and B fires. Ideal for liquid fires like petrol or diesel, they surpass water jet extinguishers by also tackling solid materials such as wood and paper. The foam works by creating a seal on the liquid surface, inhibiting flammable vapor release and depriving the fire of fuel. It is important to note that they are not suitable for free-flowing liquid fires.
Powder extinguishers serve as versatile multi-purpose fire extinguishers, suitable for Class A, B, and C fires, including electrical equipment. However, they cannot cool the fire, making re-ignition possible. Additionally, powder use may cause visibility loss and breathing issues. It is generally not recommended for indoor use unless there is no alternative.
(CO2) extinguishers are designed for electrical and flammable liquid fires, making them ideal for spaces with electronic equipment. Their residue-free feature is advantageous, and the distinctive black label aids easy identification. These extinguishers work by smothering the fire and cutting off the air supply, ensuring effective fire control.
Wet chemical extinguishers, identified by their yellow label, are optimal for tackling Class K fires involving cooking oils. These extinguishers not only swiftly extinguish flames but also cool the burning oil, creating a soap-like solution that seals surfaces to prevent re-ignition. Remarkably effective on Class A (wood, paper, fabrics) and Class B (flammable liquids) fires as well.
Understanding the classes of fire and corresponding types of fire extinguishers is crucial for effective fire safety. By knowing which extinguisher suits specific fire hazards, individuals can confidently respond to emergencies, making our homes, workplaces, and communities safer environments. Stay informed, stay prepared, and prioritize fire prevention to ensure a secure and protected future.
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